Glossary of Research Terms

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Validation sample

The part of the total sample used to check the results of the estimation sample.

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Validation sample

That part of the total sample used to check the results of the estimation sample.

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Variable respecification

The transformation of data to create new variables or modify existing variables so that they are more consistent with the objectives of the study.

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Variance

The mean squared deviation of all the values from the mean.

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Variance method

An agglomerative method of hierarchical clustering in which clusters are generated to minimize the within-cluster variance.

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Varimax procedure

An orthogonal method of factor rotation that minimizes the number of variables with high loadings on a factor, thereby enhancing the interpretability of the factors.

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Verbal model

A specification in prose form of a set of variables and their interrelationships designed to represent some real system or process in whole or in part.

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Verbal protocol

A technique used to understand respondents' cognitive responses or thought processes by having them think aloud while completing a task or making a decision.

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Voice pitch analysis

Measurement of emotional reactions through changes in the respondent's voice.

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Volume tracking data

Scanner data that provide information on purchases based on sales data collected from checkout scanner tapes.

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